Análisis de metales pesados por espectroscopía de absorción atómica (EAA) para evaluar la contaminación ambiental ocasionada por la ceniza volcánica en Cantones de la Provincia de Chimborazo
Sinopsis
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la posible acumulación de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas de los cantones Alausí, Chunchi, Riobamba y Guamote, provincia de Chimborazo, expuestos a la deposición de ceniza volcánica proveniente del volcán Sangay, con el propósito de analizar su comportamiento geoquímico y su potencial impacto ambiental en sistemas productivos andinos. Se establecieron quince puntos de muestreo georreferenciados en zonas agrícolas afectadas por caída de ceniza, recolectándose muestras del horizonte superficial, las cuales fueron sometidas a digestión ácida y analizadas mediante Espectroscopía de Absorción Atómica, complementada con Espectrometría de Masas con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente. Asimismo, se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica y capacidad de intercambio catiónico debido a su influencia en la movilidad y biodisponibilidad de los metales, e integró la evaluación ambiental mediante la aplicación de la Matriz de Leopold. Los resultados evidenciaron variabilidad espacial significativa tanto en las propiedades edáficas como en las concentraciones de elementos traza; en términos generales, los suelos presentan condiciones adecuadas para la actividad agrícola, aunque se identificaron diferencias que inciden en la dinámica metálica, especialmente asociadas al pH y a la capacidad de intercambio catiónico. Se concluye que, si bien no se detectaron niveles críticos generalizados de contaminación, la persistencia de metales en entornos volcánicos activos requiere monitoreo continúo debido a su potencial transferencia a la cadena alimentaria y al riesgo ambiental a mediano y largo plazo.
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mayo 14, 2026
Derechos de autor 2026 Irene del Carmen Gavilanes Terán, Steven Stalin Ramos Romero, Julio César Idrovo Novillo
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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978-631-6557-79-7
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Análisis de metales pesados por espectroscopía de absorción atómica (EAA) para evaluar la contaminación ambiental ocasionada por la ceniza volcánica en Cantones de la Provincia de Chimborazo. (2026). Puerto Madero Editorial Académica. https://doi.org/10.55204/pmea.130
