AVANCES EN PROBIÓTICOS, PREBIÓTICOS Y MICROBIOMA COMO ESTRATEGIA PREVENTIVA
Synopsis
Over the past decade, the study of the human microbiome has transformed our understanding of its relationship with host physiology. Advances in metagenomics and molecular biology demonstrate the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the prevention of infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. These act by strengthening the intestinal barrier, modulating the immune response, and generating bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. However, the heterogeneity of strains and dosages limits their clinical standardization. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence (2020–2025) on the preventive effects, biological mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, as well as their applicability in preventive medicine. Methods: A narrative systematic review (PRISMA) was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: Multispecies probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) significantly reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhea (RR=0.61; 95% CI 0.51-0.73). In older adults, synbiotics decreased respiratory infections and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and increased IL-10. Metabolically, they improved HOMA-IR, triglyceride, and butyrate levels, although there was no evidence of a positive effect on major cardiovascular events. Adverse effects were mild and transient. Conclusions: These interventions are effective and safe for infection prevention and immunometabolic modulation. International standardization, genetic traceability, and the development of precision probiotics supported by omics technologies and artificial intelligence are needed to advance toward personalized preventive medicine based on the microbiome.
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29-38
Published
April 21, 2026
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Copyright (c) 2026 Karla Domenica Morales Saquicela, Kevin Salvador Arévalo Goyes, Jorge Roberto Rodas Andrade, Eduardo Andrés Rojas Portéz, Marcos Andrés Calva Torres, Catalina María Hurtado, Samantha Nayeli Minchala García, Noemi Noelia Palacios Caicedo, Camila Valentina Cuesta Buestan, Juan Sebastián Urgilés Beltrán, Ibelice Salome Dután Perez, Diego Martin Reyes Novillo, María Alejandra Mantilla Vicuña, Diana Yamileth González Ortiz, Pablo Segundo Salinas Vázquez, Kevin Ismael Rojas Rojas, Dayana Mishelle Orozco Azuero, Jessica Ximena Humala Rojas, Viviana Elizabeth González Merchán, Niurka Salomé Rojas Avendaño, Andrea Rosana Mogrovejo Avila, Ainhoa Alejandra Guaraca Ortega, Wendy Valentina Mendoza Cajamarca, Dayana Estefania Sacta Rivera, Mercy Daniela Cabrera Vivar, Anabella Inés Zambrano Párrraga, Enma Jacqueline Zambrano Párraga, Anderson Israel Tenezaca Reinoso, Gladys Janneth Peñafiel Ponce, Jordan Smith Colcha González, Luis Alberto Saquicela Espinoza, Gabriela Abigail Campoverde Sigüenza, Evelyn Nathaly Morocho Bustamante, Jacinto Eugenio Pérez Ramírez, Pamela Lissette Pinargote Santana, Jonnathan Paúl Pesántez León, Wilson Javier Mendoza Saeteros, Bryan Antonio Ramón Cáceres, Ivette Denisse Quinteros Sánchez, Susan Karina Ortega Castillo, Juan Francisco Urgiles Rojas, Edith Anahel Morejón Flores, Gustavo Adolfo Espinoza Palomeque, Ana Paulina Inga Macancela, Britney Shamira Macias Zambrano, Nelly Marielena Larrea Semiterra, Omar Segundo Arévalo Goyes, Milagros Valeria González Parra, Juan Manuel González Cárdenas, Esteban Leonardo Coronel Coello, Kerly Monserrath Pinos Larrea, Juan Sebastián Crespo Domínguez, Camila Raquel González González, Larisa Araceli Hurtado Flores, María José Quevedo, Angie Patricia Mogrovejo Coronel, Luis Holguer Idrovo Becerra, Jennifer Mariuxi Álvarez Avendaño; Juan Carlos Santillán Lima
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How to Cite
AVANCES EN PROBIÓTICOS, PREBIÓTICOS Y MICROBIOMA COMO ESTRATEGIA PREVENTIVA. (2026). In INFECTOLOGÍA CLÍNICA TOMO 3 (pp. 29-38). Puerto Madero Editorial Académica. https://doi.org/10.55204/pmea.128.c189
