BASES MICROBIOLÓGICAS E INMUNOLÓGICAS
Synopsis
Infectious diseases remain a major public health problem, despite scientific advances in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Clinical microbiology identifies the etiology, as well as the mechanisms of pathogenicity, such as adhesion, invasion, immune evasion, and toxin production, while immunology explains the innate and adaptive defensive responses that determine the clinical course of the infection.
This literature review was based on scientific publications from 2020 to 2025 and integrated databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The results highlight the protective role of the human microbiota and how its alteration (dysbiosis) favors opportunistic infections. Furthermore, immunological evasion strategies, such as antigenic variation or phagocytosis blockade, which allow for microbial persistence, are analyzed.
Advances in molecular biology, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), MALDI-TOF spectroscopy, and immunoassays, have optimized microbiological diagnostics, while the development of vaccines, immunotherapies, and microbiome-based therapies has transformed the clinical approach. In conclusion, the integration of microbiology and immunology provides a comprehensive view of the infectious process and guides medical practice toward more precise, personalized, and evidence-based interventions.
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Pages
39-50
Published
April 21, 2026
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Copyright (c) 2026 Karla Domenica Morales Saquicela, Kevin Salvador Arévalo Goyes, Jorge Roberto Rodas Andrade, Eduardo Andrés Rojas Portéz, Marcos Andrés Calva Torres, Catalina María Hurtado, Samantha Nayeli Minchala García, Noemi Noelia Palacios Caicedo, Camila Valentina Cuesta Buestan, Juan Sebastián Urgilés Beltrán, Ibelice Salome Dután Perez, Diego Martin Reyes Novillo, María Alejandra Mantilla Vicuña, Diana Yamileth González Ortiz, Pablo Segundo Salinas Vázquez, Kevin Ismael Rojas Rojas, Dayana Mishelle Orozco Azuero, Jessica Ximena Humala Rojas, Viviana Elizabeth González Merchán, Niurka Salomé Rojas Avendaño, Andrea Rosana Mogrovejo Avila, Ainhoa Alejandra Guaraca Ortega, Wendy Valentina Mendoza Cajamarca, Dayana Estefania Sacta Rivera, Mercy Daniela Cabrera Vivar, Anabella Inés Zambrano Párrraga, Enma Jacqueline Zambrano Párraga, Anderson Israel Tenezaca Reinoso, Gladys Janneth Peñafiel Ponce, Jordan Smith Colcha González, Luis Alberto Saquicela Espinoza, Gabriela Abigail Campoverde Sigüenza, Evelyn Nathaly Morocho Bustamante, Jacinto Eugenio Pérez Ramírez, Pamela Lissette Pinargote Santana, Jonnathan Paúl Pesántez León, Wilson Javier Mendoza Saeteros, Bryan Antonio Ramón Cáceres, Ivette Denisse Quinteros Sánchez, Susan Karina Ortega Castillo, Juan Francisco Urgiles Rojas, Edith Anahel Morejón Flores, Gustavo Adolfo Espinoza Palomeque, Ana Paulina Inga Macancela, Britney Shamira Macias Zambrano, Nelly Marielena Larrea Semiterra, Omar Segundo Arévalo Goyes, Milagros Valeria González Parra, Juan Manuel González Cárdenas, Esteban Leonardo Coronel Coello, Kerly Monserrath Pinos Larrea, Juan Sebastián Crespo Domínguez, Camila Raquel González González, Larisa Araceli Hurtado Flores, María José Quevedo, Angie Patricia Mogrovejo Coronel, Luis Holguer Idrovo Becerra, Jennifer Mariuxi Álvarez Avendaño; Juan Carlos Santillán Lima
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How to Cite
BASES MICROBIOLÓGICAS E INMUNOLÓGICAS. (2026). In INFECTOLOGÍA CLÍNICA TOMO 3 (pp. 39-50). Puerto Madero Editorial Académica. https://doi.org/10.55204/pmea.128.c190
