INFECCIONES POSTOPERATORIAS SISTÉMICAS
Synopsis
Postoperative systemic infections (PSIs) are one of the most serious complications following surgery, with an estimated incidence of between 2% and 5% of patients, a significant proportion of whom develop sepsis or septic shock. Their origin is related to the transition from a localized infection at the surgical site to systemic dissemination, favored by the host's inflammatory response, the presence of invasive devices, and comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, or immunosuppression. These complications prolong hospital stays, increase costs, and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which has led international organizations to promote comprehensive prevention and surveillance strategies. The methodology used consisted of a structured narrative review of literature published between 2020 and 2025 in high-impact databases, prioritizing systematic reviews, clinical trials, and international guidelines. Evidence shows that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the main etiological agents. The most effective measures include single preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis within 60 minutes prior to incision, skin antisepsis with alcoholic chlorhexidine, maintenance of normothermia, glycemic control, etc. Their coordinated application can reduce infections by up to 40%. Despite advances in surgery and infection control, SSI persist due to the complexity of the factors involved and bacterial resistance. The prevention of SSI requires a multidimensional approach based on scientific evidence, combining rational prophylaxis, rigorous antisepsis, microbiological surveillance, and institutional commitment, thus consolidating a culture of sustainable surgical safety.
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Pages
129-142
Published
April 21, 2026
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Copyright (c) 2026 Karla Domenica Morales Saquicela, Kevin Salvador Arévalo Goyes, Jorge Roberto Rodas Andrade, Eduardo Andrés Rojas Portéz, Marcos Andrés Calva Torres, Catalina María Hurtado, Samantha Nayeli Minchala García, Noemi Noelia Palacios Caicedo, Camila Valentina Cuesta Buestan, Juan Sebastián Urgilés Beltrán, Ibelice Salome Dután Perez, Diego Martin Reyes Novillo, María Alejandra Mantilla Vicuña, Diana Yamileth González Ortiz, Pablo Segundo Salinas Vázquez, Kevin Ismael Rojas Rojas, Dayana Mishelle Orozco Azuero, Jessica Ximena Humala Rojas, Viviana Elizabeth González Merchán, Niurka Salomé Rojas Avendaño, Andrea Rosana Mogrovejo Avila, Ainhoa Alejandra Guaraca Ortega, Wendy Valentina Mendoza Cajamarca, Dayana Estefania Sacta Rivera, Mercy Daniela Cabrera Vivar, Anabella Inés Zambrano Párrraga, Enma Jacqueline Zambrano Párraga, Anderson Israel Tenezaca Reinoso, Gladys Janneth Peñafiel Ponce, Jordan Smith Colcha González, Luis Alberto Saquicela Espinoza, Gabriela Abigail Campoverde Sigüenza, Evelyn Nathaly Morocho Bustamante, Jacinto Eugenio Pérez Ramírez, Pamela Lissette Pinargote Santana, Jonnathan Paúl Pesántez León, Wilson Javier Mendoza Saeteros, Bryan Antonio Ramón Cáceres, Ivette Denisse Quinteros Sánchez, Susan Karina Ortega Castillo, Juan Francisco Urgiles Rojas, Edith Anahel Morejón Flores, Gustavo Adolfo Espinoza Palomeque, Ana Paulina Inga Macancela, Britney Shamira Macias Zambrano, Nelly Marielena Larrea Semiterra, Omar Segundo Arévalo Goyes, Milagros Valeria González Parra, Juan Manuel González Cárdenas, Esteban Leonardo Coronel Coello, Kerly Monserrath Pinos Larrea, Juan Sebastián Crespo Domínguez, Camila Raquel González González, Larisa Araceli Hurtado Flores, María José Quevedo, Angie Patricia Mogrovejo Coronel, Luis Holguer Idrovo Becerra, Jennifer Mariuxi Álvarez Avendaño; Juan Carlos Santillán Lima
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
INFECCIONES POSTOPERATORIAS SISTÉMICAS. (2026). In INFECTOLOGÍA CLÍNICA TOMO 3 (pp. 129-142). Puerto Madero Editorial Académica. https://doi.org/10.55204/pmea.128.c197
