Análisis de metales pesados por espectroscopía de absorción atómica (EAA) para evaluar la contaminación ambiental ocasionada por la ceniza volcánica en Cantones de la Provincia de Chimborazo
Synopsis
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Alausí, Chunchi, Riobamba and Guamote cantons, Chimborazo Province, exposed to volcanic ash deposition from the Sangay volcano, in order to analyze their geochemical behavior and potential environmental impact on Andean production systems. Fifteen georeferenced sampling points were established in agricultural areas affected by ash fall, where surface soil samples were collected, subjected to acid digestion, and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, complemented by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. In addition, key physicochemical soil parameters pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity were determined due to their influence on metal mobility and bioavailability, and environmental impact was integrated through the application of the Leopold Matrix. The results revealed significant spatial variability in both soil properties and trace element concentrations. Overall, the soils exhibited conditions suitable for agricultural activity; however, differences were identified that influence metal dynamics, particularly those associated with pH and cation exchange capacity. It is concluded that, although no generalized critical levels of contamination were detected, the persistence of metals in active volcanic environments requires continuous monitoring due to their potential transfer into the food chain and the associated medium- and long-term environmental risk.
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