Risk factors and isolated microorganisms in neonatal sepsis

Neonatal sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality in newborns, being a disease characterized by the entry of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or viruses into the bloodstream, triggering hemodynamic changes in the newborn's body. This is caused by various maternal and fetal factors including immunological, hematological. Said pathology is classified according to its presentation time is classified as; early neonatal sepsis, which presents clinical manifestations within 72 hours of life, in which group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus is recognized as the main disease-causing microorganism; On the other hand, it is known as late neonatal sepsis, that in which the clinical manifestations appear after 72 hours of life, the main organisms isolated being Gram positive in 75% of the cases, highlighting from this group Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus epidermis. the Staphylococcus aureus. Some studies suggest that membrane rupture, invasive catheterization, nutritional disorders, lack of prenatal check-ups, and a gestational age of less than 37 weeks are the main factors that predispose to the appearance of neonatal sepsis.